How phone battery is checked using multimeter in mobile repairing course.

The Students always face problems in phone batteries! Battery drain is one of the most common problems associated with mobiles. It happens due to battery consumption owing to various functions, apps, features, etc. Professionals check these batteries so that they can know the exact problem. Here, in this article, I will tell you that how a phone battery is checked using multimeter in mobile repairing course.

What is a Multi Meter?

Before directly jumping to the process, it is important to understand that what a multimeter is. This is testing tool used to diagnose electric connection in the electrical devices like mobile phones, laptops, etc. Earlier analog multimeter was used in mobile repairing centers. They were having needle style gauge to read the readings. However, now-a-days digital multimeter is normally used having a LCD display. With digital multimeter students learn the following in the mobile repairing course:

Testing a voltageTesting for continuityTesting for groundMeasuring resistanceTo be precise, its functions like a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter. It is handheld device so there is no issue of carrying it from one place to another. It has two wires one is the red probe (+), and the other is black (-) probe having metal tips. Both must be attached to their respective sockets.

Preparation for Testing:

Instead of using the device directly, students pursuing mobile repairing course in bangalore, first check the working using the following tips:

Brush the two tips together. If beep sound is heard then the device is working properly.Always keep the testing device off. If it has already a voltage then inaccurate readings will be received.Steps to Check Phone Battery Using a Multimeter:

Step1:

First of all, the cell phone is switched-off and its battery is removed.

Step 2:

Battery voltage given on the label of the battery is checked. Mostly the batteries have a voltage of either 3.7V/3.8V.

Step 3:

Now, students place the battery such that they can see it’s terminals easily.

Step 4:

The digital multimeter is set on DC setting indicated by DCV or by just V. It is a straight line having 3 dots below it. There are several settings in DCV like 2mv, 20V, 1000V. Always keep the number above then the voltage of the battery. A curved line (ACV or V) signifies AC voltage but don’t use this as settings because mobile batteries run on DC voltage.

Step 5:

The red probe is touched to the +terminal of the battery and similarly the black probe is touched to the – terminal of the battery. (You will see positive and negative signs on the battery).

Step 6:

The probes are not removed unless a stable reading is received in the multimeter screen. If the reading is more than 3.70V for a battery (3.7V) then it is fully charged battery. If it is less than it 3.70 V then battery requires charging.

This is how a mobile battery is checked whether it is charged or not. Also, if there is 0V then it is clear case of battery drain. At times, even after charging the reading remains the same then the battery is faulted. In mobile repairing institute in Bangalore, students are trained as how to use various testing and repairing tools out of which reading multimeter is a must!

Complement – A New Indicator of Preterm Birth

Preterm birth is a syndrome caused by many factors such as infection, excessive dilation of the uterus, stress, drug abuse, and neuropsychiatric diseases. At present, the mechanism involved in initiating this process is unclear, but infection and inflammation are highly related to preterm birth, accounting for 25% to 40% of preterm birth cases.

The complement system, playing an important role in the inflammatory response caused by infection, is a natural immune mechanism that consists of more than 50 blood proteins. In general, the activation level of the complement system is relatively low. After activation, it triggers a series of enzymatic reactions to drive the inflammatory response and eventually eliminates pathogens.

Depending on the activation triggers, the complement system can be stimulated by three distinct pathways: the classical, lectin and alternative pathway. Disorders of the complement system can trigger excessive inflammatory responses and cause damage to tissues.

Complement components are mainly synthesized by the liver, but can also be synthesized in a variety of tissues including the placenta. A fully functional complement system is essential for maintaining host defense and protecting the fetus and mother from infection.

For example, the complement component 1q (C1q) is a protein complex that is involved in the complement cascade. C1q-knockout mice show abnormal placental development and spiral arterial remodeling, which leads to the reduced number and weight loss of litter, while showing preeclampsia-like phenotypes, such as high blood pressure and proteinuria. This study indicates that C1q is critical for pregnancy.

Other studies have found that complement activation fragments (such as C3a/ Bb) in circulating blood of preterm patients are significantly increased. Genetic defects in complement regulatory factors (such as CD55) will lead to over-activation of complement and recurrent miscarriage. In addition, there is increasing evidence showing that genetic mutations in complement regulatory proteins are prone to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth.

Since scientists have found the association between complement activation and adverse pregnancy outcomes, how can we use it in maternal healthcare?

Research has found that adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with high levels of C3a are 3 times more than that in women with lower levels of C3a. Similarly, after controlling other preterm birth-related risk factors, those with elevated levels of Bb in early pregnancy are almost 4 times more likely to suffer preterm birth than the normal group, indicating that increased C3a or Bb as a predictor of preterm birth has great potential.

Regulation of complement activation can reduce its harmful effects on maternal and newborn infants. Currently, related targeted therapeutics can work by preventing complement activation or suppressing the result of activated complement components. However, whether these can be applied to pregnant women and how to evaluate the dose still need to be answered.

In terms of complement imbalance and preterm birth, more research is necessary in assessing biomarkers that can be used to predict various adverse pregnancy outcomes resulting from complement overactivation or complement deficiency. In addition, scientists are still trying to find out how to control complement activation to a certain level that can ensure the natural defense of the host, as well as the safety of infants.

Ayurvedic Treatment For Arthritis To Get Relief From Joint Pain

Joints are part where two bones are connected and body makes movement with the help of these joints. Ligaments, tendons and fascia are joint parts which help in movement at joints. A cushion like gel, called synovial fluid, prevents friction between bones at joints. This helps in easy and smooth movement without pain. Cartilage is also a part of joints which is sponge like tissue that soaks and releases fluid during movements and prevents shock at joints. There are many kinds of arthritis but osteoarthritis is the most common in which one suffers through joint pain and stiffness due to inflammation at joints. Also due to low bone mass and low calcium density joints become weak. Weak joints lead to deformation and displacement of bones at joints which may change shape of normal body structure. One suffering through this problem is unable to do normal activities easily because of improper grip on objects due to deformation of bones.

Getting permanent rid from arthritis is not possible but inflammation and pain at joints can be reduced. One can use Rumoxil capsules which provide effective ayurvedic treatment for arthritis. These capsules provide essential nutrients like protein, vitamin C and minerals which keep joint parts healthy. These nutrients keep ligaments, tendons and fascia healthy which are fibrous connective tissues. Vitamin C increases production of new collagen in ligaments, tendons and fascia. Minerals contain calcium, manganese and mineral copper which prevent bone disorders that could interrupt ligament and tendon functions. Protein increase elasticity which allows joint parts to stretch to provide flexible movements. These fibrous tissues connect bones to bones, bones to muscles and muscles to muscles. Healthy connective tissues allow flexible movements at joints including bending and twisting. These capsules speed up regeneration of tissues and muscles which helps to heal injuries quickly at joints.

Herbal ingredients of Rumoxil capsules also keep synovial fluid healthy which provide lubrication between bones at joints. This maintains proper structure of bones and body posture. Cartilage also gets nourishment which prevents degeneration of cartilage and prevents friction between bones. Also, healthy cartilage absorbs shock when one lifts up heavy objects, runs, jumps, pushes or pulls something, bends and twists. This increases endurance power of joints. Strengthening of joint parts prevent jerks which happens when there is less flexibility in joints. These capsules have given positive results even in the case of old arthritis problem. With ayurvedic treatment for arthritis, an individual can perform daily routine activities easily without any pain. Rumoxil capsules contain Lohban, Nag Kesar, Chobchini, Rasna, Jaiphal, Piplamool, Ashwagandha, Sonth, Long, Rigni, Karil, Babuna, Harad, Guggul ,Kesar,Suranjan, Piplamool, Nirgundi, Swarna bhasma and Asthisanghar.

Powerful formula of Rumoxil capsules helps one to overcome deficiencies and aging factors which cause weakness in bones and joints. Regularly following ayurvedic treatment for arthritis reduces joint pain, stiffness, redness, swelling and prevents loss of joint functions. It is recommended to use Rumoxil capsules for at least 3-4 months and one can extend this time period also as per the need.